Fig. 5.

PAP increased PPARγ activity, which also depends on PKA signaling. a Transient transfection analysis of PPRE-luc reporter gene activity. b BV2 cells were transfected with PPAR-γ-specific or control siRNA, and treated with LPS in the absence or presence of PAP (30 μM) for 16 h. Then, the production of NO, ROS, and cytokines was measured. ^#p < 0.05 vs. LPS-treated samples; ^##p < 0.05 vs. control siRNA-transfected cells in the presence of LPS+PAP. c, d BV2 cells transfected with the reporter plasmid (ARE-luc, and PPRE-luc) were pretreated with H89 for 30 min. They were then treated by PAP for 1 h followed by LPS for 6 h. A luciferase assay was performed to measure the reporter gene activities of PPRE (c) and ARE (d). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, control vs. LPS-treated group; ^#p < 0.05, LPS vs. LPS+PAP-treated group; ^##p < 0.05, LPS+PAP vs. LPS+PAP+H89 group