Fig. 9.

Effect of PAP/H89 on p-CREB level and its downstream neuroprotective factors in the brains of MPTP-injected mice. a Immunostaining results showing TH and p-CREB expression in the substantia nigra (each group n = 6–7). The white arrows indicate cells positive for both TH and p-CREB. b Quantification of p-CREB and/or TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra. c, d IHC results for GDNF staining in the substantia nigra (c), and quantification data from the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra region (each group n = 6–7). e The protein extracts from the substantia nigra of each group were subjected to Western blot analysis using p-CREB, GDNF, Bcl2, and BDNF antibodies (each group n = 5), and representative blots are provided. f Quantification of Western blot data. *p < 0.05, control vs. MPTP-treated group; ^#p < 0.05, MPTP vs. MPTP+PAP-treated group; ^##p < 0.05, MPTP+PAP vs. MPTP+PAP+H89 group