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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 24;176(12):1000–1009. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18070835

Figure 1. Correlated dimensions of psychopathology show a high degree of overlapping symptoms.

Figure 1.

A) An exploratory factor analysis of 112 psychiatric symptoms identified four correlated dimensions of psychopathology: anxious-misery, psychosis, behavioral, and fear, which show a high degree of overlap across dimensions and diagnostic screening categories. Here we show the mean factor scores of each dimension (anxious-misery, psychosis, behavioral, and fear) in the related screening diagnoses. B) A confirmatory bifactor analysis constrained the dimensions of psychopathology (anxious-misery, psychosis, behavioral, and fear) to be orthogonal, and extracted a common factor (overall psychopathology). C) The orthogonal factors load more specifically onto the relevant disorders. Sample sizes for each diagnostic screening category are shown in parentheses. GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; Depress = depressive disorders; Psych = psychosis; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Con = conduct disorder; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; Agora = agoraphobia; Soc Anx = social anxiety disorder; Spec Ph = specific phobia; Sep Anx = separation anxiety disorder; TD = typically developing.