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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Stimul. 2019 Oct 7;13(1):175–189. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.002

Figure 5. Layer-specific spatial distribution of activation varies with TMS pulse waveform and direction, shown in a cross-section of the hand knob (as in Figure 2C).

Figure 5.

Median thresholds for L1–L6 on analysis plane through pre-central gyrus, parallel to coil handle and near coil center for A) monophasic, B) half sine, and C) biphasic stimulation in the P–A and A–P directions. Arrows indicate direction of initial phase of E-field waveform. Note that biphasic stimulation conditions are plotted in opposite order to group stimuli by the direction of their dominant waveform phase. D) Percent difference in median thresholds between P–A and A–P current directions, indicated in title. Regions where thresholds for both P–A and A–P were above 230 A/μs are colored gray.