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. 2019 Dec 2;9:18143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54211-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Interaction of immobilized VEGF₁₆₅ and HBD with solute GAG derivatives as determined by SPR. Binding levels for the interaction of (a) polymeric and (b) oligomeric GAG to VEGF₁₆₅ and HBD (c,d) are displayed [adapted and modified from³³]. All values represent the mean ± SD of n = 3 and are given as relative to baseline response and corrected for the respective molecular weight of GAG derivatives. Two-way ANOVA: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. respective treatment; ^##p < 0.01; ^###p < 0.001 vs. (a) HA or (b) HA dp4. Predicted recognition of psHA dp4 by VEGF₁₆₅ dimer. (e) Initial complex VEGF₁₆₅ twisted/psHA dp4. (f) Refined VEGF₁₆₅ twisted/psHA dp4 (40 ns). (g) Refined VEGF₁₆₅ straight/psHA dp4 (40 ns). VEGF₁₆₅ is depicted in cartoon style, and relevant interacting residues are shown in sticks and colored by atom type. The RBD is shown in gray (dark and light representing each monomer), and the HBD is shown in blue (dark and light representing each monomer). psHA dp4 is shown in stick representation and colored by atom type.