Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of native-born and foreign-born (origin from Nordic-, European- and non-European countries) in working age population (18–65 yrs.)
| Native-born (n = 65,963) | Foreign-born (n = 5680) | Nordic (n = 1589) | European (n = 2175) | Non-European (n = 1874) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (n=) | % | (n=) | p | % | (n=) | p | % | (n=) | p | % | (n=) | p | |
| Survey (2011) | 49.2 | (32478) | 73.4 | (4167) | * | 71.2 | (1132) | * | 73.7 | (1602) | * | 75.7 | (1418) | * |
| Men | 44.7 | (29493) | 45.4 | (2581) | 42.3 | (672) | 45.8 | (996) | 47.3 | (887) | * | |||
| Married/cohabiting civil status | 75.1 | (49506) | 81.0 | (4603) | * | 74.1 | (1176) | 81.8 | (1780) | * | 86.1 | (1614) | * | |
| Age, mean (sd) | 45.3 | (13.8) | 44.5 | (13.1) | * | 52.6 | (11.1) | * | 43.7 | (12.9) | * | 39.5 | (12.3) | * |
| Blue-collar occupational class | 48.0 | (31539) | 61.4 | (3236) | * | 55.8 | (880) | * | 58.0 | (1234) | * | 70.4 | (1300) | * |
| Compulsory education | 15.9 | (10424) | 21.7 | (1136) | * | 24.8 | (372) | * | 14.0 | (286) | * | 28.4 | (474) | * |
| Secondary education | 54.4 | (35710) | 44.3 | (2321) | 52.1 | (780) | 44.8 | (917) | 36.8 | (615) | ||||
| Post-secondary education | 29.8 | (19550) | 34.1 | (1785) | 23.1 | (346) | 41.2 | (844) | 34.9 | (583) | ||||
| Disposable income, mean (sd)b | ||||||||||||||
| Q 1 | 48.1 | (61.4) | 43.6 | (43.1) | * | 30.6 | (47.8) | * | 45.0 | (39.8) | * | 49.0 | (42.7) | * |
| Q 2 | 142.4 | (15.1) | 139.9 | (15.2) | 141.7 | (15.4) | 139.9 | (15.1) | 138.6 | (15.2) | ||||
| Q 3 | 197.7 | (15.8) | 195.7 | (15.5) | 196.0 | (15.8) | 195.3 | (15.4) | 195.6 | (15.4) | ||||
| Q 4 | 253.9 | (18.8) | 252.6 | (18.5) | 252.9 | (18.4) | 252.8 | (18.9) | 251.8 | (18.6) | ||||
| Q 5 | 422.8 | (1471.0) | 340.0 | (256.0) | 387.4 | (180.9) | 403.1 | (238.2) | 421.2 | (314.2) | ||||
| Employed/Self-employed | 74.8 | (46820) | 57.6 | (3024) | * | 66.3 | (961) | * | 63.1 | (1290) | * | 44.1 | (757) | * |
| Unemployed/Labour market practice | 4.2 | (2648) | 11.0 | (576) | 5.3 | (77) | 9.4 | (193) | 17.6 | (302) | ||||
| Outside the labour market a | 20.9 | (13105) | 31.4 | (1651) | 28.4 | (412) | 27.5 | (561) | 38.3 | (657) | ||||
| Low support from co-workers | 6.8 | (4502) | 11.4 | (649) | * | 6.4 | (102) | 10.8 | (235) | * | 16.1 | (301) | * | |
| Low support from manager | 8.6 | (5576) | 10.1 | (573) | * | 7.2 | (114) | 9.9 | (215) | * | 12.8 | (239) | * | |
| Low job satisfaction | 10.1 | (6676) | 12.4 | (702) | * | 10.4 | (165) | 12.5 | (272) | * | 13.7 | (256) | * | |
| Difficulty making ends meet | 12.7 | (8325) | 23.6 | (1315) | * | 18.8 | (295) | * | 20.8 | (445) | * | 30.8 | (561) | * |
| Low cash margin | 14.9 | (9793) | 35.1 | (1953) | * | 22.4 | (352) | * | 29.0 | (620) | * | 52.7 | (961) | * |
| Being socially active, mean (sd) | 4.0 | (2.3) | 2.8 | (2.3) | * | 3.0 | (2.2) | * | 3.1 | (2.4) | * | 2.2 | (2.1) | * |
| Low social support | 9.9 | (6448) | 18.5 | (1025) | * | 15.6 | (245) | * | 14.9 | (316) | * | 25.2 | (455) | * |
| Low practical support | 3.6 | (2333) | 12.2 | (684) | * | 8.8 | (139) | * | 9.7 | (208) | * | 18.1 | (331) | * |
| Low trust in others | 22.1 | (14446) | 40.0 | (2212) | * | 28.6 | (450) | * | 42.1 | (892) | * | 46.9 | (852) | * |
| Experiences of discrimination | 19.8 | (12972) | 21.7 | (1212) | * | 19.0 | (299) | 22.5 | (480) | * | 22.9 | (421) | * | |
*denotes a p-value < 0.05 between native-born and foreign-born; and separately between native-born and (1) Nordic, (2) European, and (3) non-European. Pearson’s chi-square and T-test
aLeave of absence, parental leave, taking care of one’s household, studying, training, disability pension, sickness benefits and long term sick leave
bDisposable income is shown in thousand (tkr) Swedish kronor (SEK) within quintile (Q) 1–5