Table 2.
Intervention effects on frailty score during the 6-month study period
| Mean ± SD | Difference in difference: change from baseline in each intervention group minus change from baseline in control group (95% CI) | p for groups × time interaction | p for groups | p for time | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Control | Exercise | Nutrition | Combination | Exercise | Nutrition | Combination | ||||
| Frailty score (scores) | n | 80 | 79 | 83 | 77 | < 0.001 | 0.402 | < 0.001 | |||
| Baseline | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | |||||||
| 1 month | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | −0.06 (−0.24, 0.11) | 0.10 (− 0.08, 0.28) | − 0.07(− 0.25, 0.11) | ||||
| 3 months | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.11 (− 0.07, 0.29) | − 0.06 (− 0.24, 0.11) | − 0.03 (− 0.21, 0.15) | ||||
| 6 months | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | − 0.23 (− 0.41, − 0.05)a | −0.28 (− 0.46, − 0.11)a | −0.34 (− 0.52, − 0.16)a | ||||
CI confidence interval; aPairwise comparisons (interventions vs. control) were significant at the post hoc significance level of 0.017