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. 2019 Dec 2;9:18111. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54308-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PNGR had long-term impact on gut health status in adult mice. (a) Representative haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of ileum sections from control (CTRL) and postnatal growth restriction (PNGR) adult mice. (b) Crypt depth and (c) villus height in ileum at postnatal day 60 (PN60) in CTRL (n = 12 from 4 litters) and PNGR (n = 12 from 4 litters) groups. (d) Representative HE staining of colonic sections from CTRL and PNGR adult mice. (e) Crypt depth, (f) mucosa thickness and (g) number of goblet cells in colon at PN60 in CTRL (n = 12 from 4 litters) and PNGR (n = 12 from 4 litters) groups. Representative staining of (h) sialylated glycans by MAA lectin and (i) fucosylated glycans by UEA1 lectin in ileum and colon at PN60 in CTRL (n = 12 from 4 litters) and PNGR (n = 12 from 4 litters) groups. (j) Representative immunostaining of occludin in ileum and colon at PN60 in CTRL (n = 6 from 3 litters) and PNGR (n = 6 from 3 litters) groups. (k) Representative immunostaining of claudin7 in ileum and colon at PN60 in CTRL (n = 12 from 4 litters) and PNGR (n = 12 from 4 litters) groups. (l) In vivo intestinal paracellular permeability to 4 kDa FITC-dextran at PN60 in CTRL (n = 12 from 4 litters) and PNGR (n = 10 from 4 litters) groups. Results are representative of 2–3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.