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. 2019 Dec 2;9:18072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54061-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Plots demonstrating blood particle retention in various cardiac structures, quantified as the fraction of particles retained in the structure, after an initial random seeding and subsequent tracking for 5 cardiac cycles. Particles in right atrial appendage were found to have higher retention rate. Right atrial appendage exhibited significantly higher particle retention than other region (*p < 0.005). (B) Particles and path lines of remaining particles in entire heart (embryo #1) after a few cardiac cycles, (C) particles and path lines of remaining particles after 5 cycles for subject #2–5. Red arrow: particles oscillating within the right atrial appendage. Black arrow: there was only minimal migration of particles out of the right atrial appendage. A video of the particle tracking for case 1 was added as Supplementary Video 7.