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. 2019 Dec 2;9:18072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54061-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Work done by the cardiac structures during contraction (n = 5). The ventricle performed much higher work than the atria and its appendages. The left side of the embryonic perform higher work due to greater motion and stroke volumes. Atrial appendages account for a large percentage of work done by the atria. (B) Pressure-volume loop of the whole ventricle. Work done and pressure volume loop were estimated using pressure waveform from literature¹⁵. RA- Right Atrium, LA-Left Atrium, LV-Left ventricle, RV-Right Ventricle.