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. 2019 Dec 3;16:249. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1640-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — The expressions of peripheral and central pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in LPS mice. a The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in plasma samples were increased in the LPS group (n = 4). b The mRNA levels of Tnf-α, Il-1β and Il-6 in samples from the hippocampus were increased in the LPS group (n = 4). c The protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in samples from the hippocampus were increased in the LPS group. d The expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in the hippocampal CA1 region was increased in the LPS group (n = 4). Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; and ^***P < 0.001