Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants1
| Characteristics | Total | Annual decline in AMH | P-value2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest tertile | Middle tertile | Highest tertile | |||
| Number | 227 | 76 | 76 | 75 | – |
| Follow-up time (years) | 16.3 ± 1.02 | 16.9 ± 1.17 | 16.4 ± 0.84 | 15.6 ± 0.48 | – |
| Baseline demographic | |||||
| Age (years) | 37.2 ± 6.33 | 35.2 ± 6.58 | 38.3 ± 6.17 | 38.2 ± 5.82 | 0.003 |
| Housewife (n(%)) | 183 (80.6) | 61 (80.3) | 64 (84.2) | 58 (77.3) | 0.562 |
| Education > 12 years (n(%))3 | 132 (58.1) | 44 (59.5) | 49 (65.3) | 39 (53.4) | 0.337 |
| Never smokers (n(%)) | 219 (96.5) | 75 (98.7) | 72 (95.0) | 72 (96.0) | 0.546 |
| Anthropometric | |||||
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2)4 | 26.9 ± 4.3 | 26.3 ± 4.37 | 27.1 ± 3.99 | 27.3 ± 4.59 | 0.319 |
| Baseline BMI categories4 | |||||
| < 25 (n(%)) | 74 (32.6) | 29 (38.2) | 18 (24) | 27 (36.5) | 0.226 |
| 25–29.9 (n(%)) | 104 (45.8) | 34 (44.7) | 41 (54.7) | 29 (39.2) | |
| ≥ 30 (n(%)) | 47 (20.7) | 13 (17.1) | 16 (21.3) | 18 (24.3) | |
| BMI change during follow-up (kg/m2)5 | 2.77 ± 3.72 | 2.52 ± 3.10 | 2.59 ± 3.43 | 3.19 ± 4.49 | 0.511 |
| Reproductive | |||||
| Age at menarche (years)6 | 13.5 ± 1.37 | 13.4 ± 1.51 | 13.4 ± 1.26 | 13.7 ± 1.34 | 0.447 |
| Baseline AMH (ng/ml) | 0.55 (0.22, 1.54) | 0.41 (0.12, 1.60) | 0.50 (0.16, 0.91) | 0.72 (0.35, 1.95) | 0.004 |
| Annual decline in AMH7 (%) | 5.68 (4.93, 6.04) | 4.42 (3.33, 4.96) | 5.68 (5.52, 5.84) | 6.16 (6.04, 6.36) | < 0.001 |
| Dietary intakes | |||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2274 ± 688 | 2328 ± 676 | 2225 ± 654 | 2268 ± 737 | 0.653 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 58.1 ± 5.94 | 57.6 ± 5.16 | 58.3 ± 6.77 | 58.3 ± 5.84 | 0.691 |
| Fat (% of energy) | 30.9 ± 5.26 | 31.1 ± 4.78 | 31.1 ± 5.35 | 30.4 ± 5.66 | 0.676 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 13.5 ± 2.16 | 13.6 ± 1.99 | 13.5 ± 2.21 | 13.5 ± 2.30 | 0.922 |
1Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (quartile 1, quartile 4), and Number (%). 2Based on ANOVA test for normally distributed variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed variables. 3Available for n = 222. 4Available for n = 225. 5Available for n = 204. 6Available for n = 226. 7Calculated by the unit change from baseline to the 5th follow-up examination cycle divided by the baseline value