Table 3.
Differences across subject groups with normal versus high IFN-score
| iSLE | SLE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFN normal (n = 14) | IFN high (n = 14) | p | IFN normal (n = 21) | IFN high (n = 18) | p | |
| Female gender, n (%) | 9 (64) | 11 (79) | 0.40 | 15 (71) | 17 (94) | 0.06 |
| Age (years) | 50 (25–58) | 33 (23–83) | 0.10 | 43 (22–76) | 42 (19–74) | 0.95 |
| Disease duration (years) | 1.9 (0.4–3.4) | 1.1 (0.1–4.6) | 0.57 | 2.7 (0.52–6.8) | 3.4 (0.7–6.8) | 0.61 |
| ACR criteria | 3 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.70 | 4 (3–9) | 5 (2–8) | 0.79 |
| SLICC criteria | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.70 | 5 (4–8) | 6 (3–9) | 0.65 |
| Cumulative criteria | ||||||
| Clinical, n (%) | ||||||
| Skin involvement | 4 (29) | 8 (57) | 0.13 | 7 (33) | 14 (78) | 0.006 |
| Photosensitivity | 1 (7) | 2 (14) | NA | 4 (19) | 5 (28) | 0.52 |
| Arthritis | 5 (36) | 1 (7) | 0.07 | 9 (43) | 9 (50) | 0.66 |
| Alopecia | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 (0) | 5 (28) | 0.01 |
| Ulcera | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | NA | 4 (19) | 2 (11) | 0.49 |
| Hematologic | 5 (36) | 5 (36) | 0.47 | 13 (62) | 13 (72) | 0.50 |
| Serositis | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | NA | 6 (29) | 3 (17) | 0.38 |
| Renal | 0 | 0 | NA | 9 (43) | 4 (22) | 0.17 |
| Neurologic | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | NA | 1 (5) | 1 (6) | NA |
| Immunologic, n (%) | ||||||
| Anti-dsDNA | 6 (43) | 3 (1) | 0.23 | 17 (81) | 15 (83) | 0.85 |
| Anti-SSA | 5 (36) | 8 (57) | 0.37 | 5 (24) | 8 (44) | 0.18 |
| Anti-Smith | 0 | 2 (14) | NA | 1 (5) | 5 (28) | 0.05 |
| Decreased complement | 1 (7) | 3 (21) | NA | 13 (62) | 12 (67) | 0.47 |
| aPL | 3 (21) | 4 (29) | 0.52 | 12 (57) | 5 (28) | 0.18 |
| Medication use | ||||||
| HCQ | 5 (36) | 4 (29) | 0.67 | 19 (91) | 14 (78) | 0.27 |
| NSAIDS | 4 (29) | 4 (29) | 0.90 | 2 (10) | 5 (28) | 0.16 |
| Prednisolon | 8 (38) | 4 (22) | 0.28 | |||
| Azathioprine | 5 (24) | 1 (6) | 0.12 | |||
| MMF | 5 (24) | 5 (28) | 0.78 | |||
| SLEDAI | 0 (0–6) | 1.5 (0–4) | 0.40 | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.03 |
| Serological values | ||||||
| ESR (mm/h) | 10 (3–51) | 25 (6–49) | 0.004 | 12 (3–96) | 18 (4–57) | 0.08 |
| Hb (mmol/) | 8.3 (7.0–9.4) | 8.0 (7.0–9.4) | 0.19 | 8 (6.2–9.8) | 78.0 (7.3–9.4) | 0.95 |
| Leukocytes (×109/L) | 6.8 (2.6–9.2) | 5.6 (2.8–7.5) | 0.09 | 6.8 (2.3–11.9) | 5.0 (3.0–7.7) | 0.04 |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.7 (0.7–3.2) | 1.3 (0.5–2.5) | 0.33 | 1.2 (0.3–3.1) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | 0.84 |
| Monocytes (×109/L) | 0.5 (0.4–0.9) | 0. 4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.06 | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.60 |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 3.5 (1.5–6.3) | 3.4 (1.4–4.9) | 0.16 | 4.1 (1.8–11.0) | 2.9 (1.9–5.5) | 0.03 |
| Thrombocytes (×109/L) | 240 (145–406) | 238 (135–353) | 0.51 | 238 (120–369) | 2413 (112–322) | 0.17 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.5 (0.3–24) | 2.5 (0.5–14) | 1.0 | 2.1 (0.3–12) | 1.6 (0.3–37) | 0.89 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 91 (53–107) | 92 (80–121) | 0.27 | 91 (48–123) | 92 (68–123) | 0.90 |
| ANA titer | 80 (40–320) | 160 (40–640) | 0.07 | 80 (40–640) | 160 (40–640) | 0.06 |
| Anti-dsDNA (U/mL) | 3 (0–50) | 1 (0–42) | 0.27 | 5 (0–149) | 13 (0–122) | 0.26 |
| SSA (U/mL) | 0 (0–240) | 123 (0–240) | 0.09 | 0 (0–230) | 0 (0–240) | 0.14 |
| No. of AutoAb | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 0.04 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–5) | 0.07 |
| C3 (g/L) | 1.2 (0.98–1.47) | 1.0 (0.04–1.40) | 0.01 | 1.09 (0.74–1.37) | 0.91 (0.54–1.32) | 0.03 |
| C4 (g/L) | 0.25 (0.09–0.38) | 0.17 (0.07–0.24) | 0.002 | 0.17 (0.05–0.34) | 0.14 (0.07–0.22) | 0.13 |
| IgG (g/L) | 11.9 (7.2–14.0) | 15.9 (7.7–25.4) | 0.04 | 11.4 (5.0–14.4) | 11.4 (6.2–19.5) | 0.50 |
Medians with range, and p values according to Mann Whitney test are given for continuous values, and numbers with percentages, and p values according to chi-square test for dichotomous variables. p values < 0.05 are indicated by italic font
Abbreviations: ANA antinuclear antibody, Anti-dsDNA anti-double-stranded DNA, aPL antiphospholipid antibodies, NA not applicable, SLEDAI systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, NSAID non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, MMF mycophenolate mofetil