Table 3. Models of day centre appearing in the literature.

Country	Name	Type
Australia	Day club	Newer model incorporates concepts of well-being and active ageing into traditional model that provides respite and supports older people with increasing impairments. Many renamed as Day Clubs to reflect new focus (Fawcett 2014).
Bahrain	Day care center	Provide health (including rehabilitation) & physical activities, meals, ‘a chance to socialize and have fun in a community based group’ and aim to reduce burden on family carers (Al-Dosseri et al. 2014:2).
Canada	Senior centre	‘places for older adults to socialize or share specific interests with their peers… main goal is to meet the needs of retired people’ (Fitzpatrick et al. 2005:18).
	Adult day service	‘a setting where older people can engage in supervised, social, recreational, and therapeutic activities during the day’ (Kelly 2017:552) which offer ‘health monitoring, personal care, medication management, meals and social/recreational activities’ (p554). They are ‘situated amid the continuum of home support services, which are designed to support older adults with functional and/or cognitive impairment so that they can continue to live at home’ (Kelly et al. 2016:814). Kelly at al. 2016 describes these as a ‘social and emotional model’.
Czech Republic	Senior centre	Place to engage in active ageing activities and meet people (Marhankova 2014).
England	Day care centre	‘…low level services … involves a variety of activities and caters for a range of people with differing levels of needs and dependency (Caiels, Forder and Malley 2010:2)
Iran	Adult day care	‘… mostly established during the last decade….work under the direction and supervision of the State Welfare Organization (SWO) of Iran, and their costs are covered by the SWO. …. the SWO has prepared a service package for empowerment of older adults, including medico-rehabilitative and psycho-social services, based on bio-psychosocial model… All day care centres … required to deliver their services according to this package’ (Shahbazi et al. 2016:719)
Israel	Day centre	Aim to enhance wellbeing of frail people lacking social contact and support (Iecovich and Biderman 2013b). Part of package of community services offered through Long-Term Care Insurance Law 1988 which encourages continued residence in community with increasing disability or dependence (Ron 2007).
Japan	Day care	A 'program of nursing care, rehabilitation therapies, supervision and socialization that enables frail, older people, who are in poor health and have multiple comorbidities and varying physical and mental impairments, to remain active in the community.’ Japanese long-term care system has a low eligibility threshold. (Kuzuya et al. 2012:323).
Norway	Senior centre	Support maintenance of physical and psychological activity, functional health, promote self-sufficiency and prevent loneliness and isolation (Boen et al. 2010, Lund and Englesrud 2008). Open to all aged ≥60 years (Ingvaldsen and Balandin 2011). Although these are characterised as welfare services, they do not provide statutory care and are paid for privately; often run by small staff body and volunteers (Boen et al. 2010).
Singapore	Day care center	Umbrella term encompassing ‘senior care centers’, ‘day care centers (social)’, ‘senior activity centers’, day rehabilitation centres, dementia day care, psychiatric day care, hospice day care and multidisciplinary medical day care. ‘A key enabler of aging-in-place is day care centers, which are non residential facilities that support the functional and social needs of seniors during the day’ (Liu et al. 2015:e7).
US	Adult Day Service (ADS) centres	Umbrella term. ADSs provide support for people with functional limitations to remain in the community and reduce carer burden (Schmitt et al. 2010) using three models: - social (meals, recreational activities and some health services) - medical/health (social activities, health and therapeutic services) - specialised (care for specific groups e.g. dementia, learning disability) (National Adult Day Services Association (NADSA) 2015).
	Adult Day Health Centre	Medical model. ‘…offer a multidisciplinary team approach that includes skilled nursing and rehabilitation therapy in addition to the social model services. In some states, ADHC services are Medicaid reimbursable because they are considered to be an alternative to institutional-based long-term care’ (Schmitt et al. 2010).
	Multipurpose Centre	Provide a range of social support services e.g. health, nutritional, educational and recreational activities, and promote opportunities for social interaction and involvement (Salari, Brown and Eaton 2006).
	Senior centre	Focus on socialisation and leisure; often volunteer run (MaloneBeach and Langeland 2011); often with a cross-generational reach; tend to be non-profit and publicly funded (Hostetler 2011).