Table 4. Interventions in day centres and their outcomes.
| Author | Outcomes relevant to aim | |
|---|---|---|
| Providing social and preventive services | ||
| Humour-based programme (Mathieu 2008) | Significantly improved life satisfaction New social networks that extended beyond day centres. |
|
| Humour-based programme (Ganz and Jacobs 2014) | Significantly lowered anxiety and depression Significantly improved psychological wellbeing. BUT Did not impact on general health, health-related quality of life and psychological distress. |
|
| Transport, exercise and self-help programme (Boen et al. 2012) | Small improvements in levels of depression - although higher with mild depression. Concluded that model tested was not the most appropriate. New social networks that extended beyond day centres. BUT Men did not report new friendships whereas 40% of women did. |
|
| Organised volunteering (Dabelko-Schoeny, Anderson and Spinks 2010) | Improved self-perceived health Improved feelings of purpose and self-esteem. BUT After intervention finished, participants’ self-esteem and self-perceived health significantly lowered, although this remained above baseline measurements. |
|
| Psychosocial group work (Pitkala et al. 2009, 2011) | Lowered mortality and reduced use of health services over a two year follow-up period (Pitkala et al. 2009). Cognition improvements were experienced by lonely older people; these remained significantly improved after one year (Pitkala et al. 2011). |
|
| Brain fitness activities of the type that may ordinarily take place in day centres (Fitzpatrick 2010) | Improved self-perceived health. Improved general wellbeing, perceptions of happiness and living an interesting life. |
|
| Discussion groups to promote social engagement and learning (Gallagher 2016) | Improved social engagement, mutual understanding and tolerance and intellectual stimulation. Improved relationships with staff and better staff understanding of attenders. |
|
| Health outreach programme (Vogel et al. 2007) | Addressed individual need and targets for both partners (housing provider and public health). | |
| Hearing screening for people with sight loss (Wittich, Murphy and Mulrooney 2014) | Improved links with a co-located support programme for hearing impaired people. | |
| Supporting independence | ||
| Evidence-based, moderate-intensity weight-bearing exercise programme (Henwood, Wooding and de Souza 2013) | Significantly improved lower body strength, agility, balance, walking speed and right hand grip in older people needing help with one or more Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). | |
| Core stability and flexibility exercise programme (Battaglia et al. 2014) | Improved spinal ranges of motion. BUT sacral/hip and thoracic flexibility, improvements in the lumbar area were not significant. |
|
| Walking with poles at day centres (Ota et al. 2014) | Significant improvements to health-related quality of life associated with activity and function and to some aspects of posture. Maintained mobility. BUT fitness and physical function (except mobility (measured by Timed Up And Go test) did not change |
|
| Programme of education-focused falls prevention (Yamada and Demura 2014) | Improved mobility. | |
| Supporting health and daily living needs | ||
| Author | Outcomes relevant to aim | Outcomes relevant to other aims |
| Blood pressure monitoring by trained volunteers (Truncali et al. 2010) | Reduced blood pressure | |
| Blood pressure monitoring by nurses via telehealth kiosks (Resnick et al. 2012) | Reduced blood pressure | |
| Self-management education (Dickson et al. 2014) | Significantly improved knowledge of heart failure, management and maintenance among people diagnosed with heart failure. | |
| Self-management education (Frosch et al. 2010) | Significantly improved self-rated ability to take preventive actions, manage symptoms, find and use appropriate medical care and make care decisions with health professionals. Improved physical activity and performance. |
Improved mental health-related quality of life |
| Behavioural intervention to increase walking and reduce urinary incontinence (UI) (Morrisroe et al. 2014) | Decreased incidence of UI in sedentary older people who improved their balance, gait strength and endurance by walking more. | Improved physical activity and performance |
| Pelvic floor muscle training (Kegel exercises) to reduce UI with supportive coaching (Santacreu and Fernandez-Ballesteros 2011) | Significantly decreased UI in women. | |
| Medication reviews by pharmacy students (McGivney et al. 2011) | Resolution of many medication-related problems. Better medication use. |
|
| Lifestyle modification programme delivered by trained lay people (West et al. 2011) | Clinically significant weight loss in an obese people. | |
| Programme of low-impact exercise, nutrition education and weight management for people with multiple chronic conditions (Kogan et al. 2013) | Significant improvements to fitness, daily walking distance and hours of weekly exercise, and body measurements. | Significant reductions in depression |