Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Nov 26;10:1402. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01402

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Woodward, Tesic, Stamenic, Jevtovic-Todorovic and Todorovic

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Different effects of T-channel inhibitors on tonic firing activity in VTA GABA neurons. Panels (A–C) on the left show representative neuronal membrane responses to stepwise depolarizing current injections in the control (pre-drug) conditions while the right side shows effect of different agents. The vehicle (ethanol) did not significantly affect tonic firing (panel A). One mM ALA significantly inhibited tonic firing rate, represented by traces depicted in panel (B). In contrast, superfusion of 5 µM TTA-P2 did not significantly alter the number of action potentials fired over the course of the stepwise injection (Panel C). Bar graph (D) shows quantitative results of pharmacology experiments on tonic firing as the cumulative number of action potentials generated by the input-output protocol of neurons after application of drug compared to pre-treatment *p = .025. Panel (E) shows a more detailed effect of ALA on all current injection steps of the protocol *p < .05, **p < .01, *** p < .001, ****p < .0001.