Table 2.

Estimated proportions of cancers that represent overdiagnosis^*

Disease	Context	Range of estimates
Breast cancer	Population based screening with mammography	1-10% (Europe)22 12.4% (Canada, age 40-49)58 9.7% (Canada, age 50-70)
Prostate cancer	Screening with PSA	2.9-88.1% based on age and characteristics59
Lung cancer	Screening high risk patients with LDCT	11.9% (US)60
Thyroid cancer	Spread of imaging	49% (men across developed countries) 83% (women across developed countries)36

^*LDCT=low dose computed tomography; PSA=prostate specific antigen.