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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ecol Soc. 2019;24(4):1–9. doi: 10.5751/ES-11165-240409

Table 1.

Factor categories influencing social demands of aquatic ecosystems, with examples of potential first and second level subcategories.

Categories Examples
Place-based knowledge Cultural relevance
Dependence
Longevity of values (e.g., recent, lifetime, traditional ecological knowledge)
Proximity to, and frequency of visitation Proximity of resource in question to primary residence§
Resident or visitor
Frequency of visit (e.g., daily, weekly, yearly, episodic)
Demographic Age§
Gender
Education§
Income§
Residence community type Rural
Urban
Aesthetic appeal of resource Perceived condition
Naturalness
Familiarity (generic sense of place)
Reason for engagement Recreation (e.g., fishing, swimming)
Provisioning (e.g., fishing)
Cultural

Specific variables included will be study dependent. For example, a city park would have different variables than a remote wetland for proximity to resource; and for residence type.

Data likely categorical (e.g., gender, rural, urban)

§

Data likely numeric groups/classes (e.g., < 10km, 10–50km, 50–100km)