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. 2019 Nov 15;10:2663. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02663

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Copyright © 2019 Gomzikova, James and Rizvanov.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Molecular content and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs derived EVs. (A) EVs have specific membrane markers and contain various proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and organelles. (B) MSCs derived EVs can induce different immunosuppressive effects and contribute to the immunological tolerance [for detailed information, please refer to (47–58)].