Table 3.

Factors Associated With Participation In Clinical Trials Solely With The Intent Of Securing Financial Gains (N=400)

Participation For Financial Benefits	Proportion (%)	Univariate	Multivariate
		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Age group (in years)
18–28	170/240 (70.8)	Ref	Ref
29–38	130/146 (89.0)	3.34 (1.81–6.45)*	2.98 (1.63–5.45)*
>38	10/14 (71.4)	1.03 (0.28–4.64)	0.93 (0.25–4.49)
Marital status
Unmarried	68/104 (65.4)	Ref	Ref
Married	242/296 (81.7)	2.37 (1.39–4.02)*	2.21 (1.28–3.61)*
Educational status
Illiterate	18/25 (72.0)	Ref	Ref
Middle school completed	172/199 (86.4)	2.47 (0.79–6.94)	2.23 (0.52–6.18)
High school completed	87/104 (83.6)	1.99 (0.60–5.98)	1.87 (0.49–5.12)
Intermediate and above	33/72 (45.8)	0.33 (0.10–0.96) *	0.37 (0.16–0.97)*
State of origin
Delhi	228/298 (76.5)	Ref	Ref
Outside Delhi	82/102 (80.4)	1.26 (0.70–2.32)	1.18 (0.67–2.19)
Place of residence
Rural	20/34 (58.8)	Ref	Ref
Urban slum	135/166 (81.3)	3.05 (1.27–7.13) *	2.98 (1.22–6.81)*
Urban non-slum	155/200 (77.5)	2.41 (1.03–5.47) *	2.13 (0.79–4.75)
Religion
Hindu	236/304 (77.6)	Ref	Ref
Muslim	72/90 (80.0)	1.15 (0.63–2.19)	1.12 (0.64–1.87)
Others	2/6 (33.3)	0.14 (0.03–1.04)	0.23 (0.07–1.16)
Sex of the participant
Female	25/44 (56.8)	Ref	Ref
Male	285/356 (80.1)	3.05 (1.49–6.12) *	2.92 (1.37–5.68)*
Type of family
Nuclear	100/132 (75.8)	Ref	Ref
Joint	210/268 (78.4)	1.16 (0.68–1.94)	1.08 (0.64–1.78)
Number of dependent family members
≤4	52/96 (54.2)	Ref	Ref
5 to 8	248/290 (85.5)	4.90 (2.87–8.65) *	4.12 (2.29–8.03)*
>8	10/14 (71.4)	2.11 (0.56–9.82)	1.93 (0.52–9.22)
Monthly income (in INR)
>10,000 (>143 USD)	67/105 (63.8)	Ref	Ref
>5000 to 10,000 (>71 to 143 USD)	35/56 (62.5)	0.95 (0.46–1.96)	0.87 (0.44–1.83)
≤5000 (≤71 USD)	208/239 (87.0)	3.81 (2.12–6.84) *	3.19 (1.94–6.04)*
Number of trials previously participated in
1–3	160/226 (70.8)	Ref	Ref
≥4	150/174 (86.2)	2.57 (1.49–4.52) *	2.23 (1.37–3.98)*

Note: *Statistical significance at p-value<0.05.