. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Contemp Educ Psychol. 2019 Jan 7;56:250–261. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.12.002

Table 3.

Bivariate correlations between all study variables for the groups of good and poor readers

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
l. RSN _D	1	.471^**	−.203^**	−.250^**	−.087^*	−.146^**	−.145^**	−.141^**	−.250^**	−.147^**
2, RSN_L	.477^**	1	−.164^**	−.199^**	−.120^*	−.117^*	−.151^**	−.099^*	−.185^**	−.127^**
3. WA	−.213^**	−.234^**	1	.550^**	.252^**	.329^**	.379^**	.212^**	.374^**	.332^**
4. WU	−.299^**	−.258^**	.417^**	1	.341^**	.399^**	.453^**	.366^**	.535^**	.297^**
5. PWR	−.057	−.097^*	.304^**	.320^**	1	.325^**	.266^**	.151^**	.273^**	.192^**
6. PA	−.148^*	−.099^*	.315^**	.339^**	.326^**	1	.354^**	.227^**	.321^**	.256^**
7. SS	−.176^**	−.212^**	.297^**	.411^**	.203^**	.223^**	1	.384^**	.394^**	.252^**
8. OP	−.170^**	−.149^*	.157^**	.341^**	.184^**	.159^**	.324^**	1	.312^**	.120^**
9. ORF	−.214^**	−.189^**	.235^**	.449^**	.178^**	.209^**	.342^**	.319^**	1	.309^**
10. PWA	−.138^**	−.146^**	.336^**	.298^**	.317^**	.336^**	.172^**	.386^**	.102^**	1

Note: The coefficients above the diagonal are for the group of good readers, and the coefficients below the diagonalare for the group of poor readers. All the variables were regressed by IQ and age. RSN_D = Rapid Serial Naming of Digits; RSN_L = Rapid Serial Naming of letters; WA = Word Reading Accuracy; WU = Word Unitization; SS =Spelling Skills; PWR = Pseudoword Repetition; PA = Phonological Awareness; OP = Orthographic Processing; ORF = Oral Reading Fluency; PWA = Pseudoword Reading Accuracy.

^**

p <.001,

p <.05.