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. 2019 Dec 3;13(3):450–458. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1700767

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3 — Periapical radiographs showing perforation of root canals communicating with the internal root canals to the external root surface, hence leading to blood contamination of the pulp space and potential infections; (A) bur perforation (arrow) of lateral wall of pulp chamber, leading to obturation materials and misdirecting into the gingival tissues, and (B) apical perforation (arrow) due to mechanical over instrumentation leading to extrusion of the obturation through the apical foramen.