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. 2019 Dec 3;9:18152. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54665-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analysis of contractile parameters in EHTs under spontaneous contraction with video-optical recording. (a) A representative image of an EHT as recorded by the video camera within the analysis software and evaluated by automated figure recognition (blue squares). Measurements were performed in EHT culture medium containing 1.8 mM external [Ca²⁺]. (b) Schematic contraction peak displaying the evaluated parameters of force, time to contraction (T1_20%) and time to relaxation (T2_20%), contraction velocity (CV) and relaxation velocity (RV). (c) Maximal forces under spontaneous beating activity of EHTs of different genotypes. Maximal force values were recorded on the day of highest force development. (d) Rate of spontaneous beating of EHTs on the day of highest force development (e) Contraction time (T1_20%) and (f) relaxation time (T2_20%) were measured from baseline to 20% of peak height and from peak height to 20% of baseline, respectively, in all EHT groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Numbers of EHTs/batches in all panels: WT 51/5; KI-NT 61/7; KI-S282 26/5; KI-D282 20/5. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. WT, one-way ANOVA plus Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (KI-NT, S282 and D282 vs WT EHTs).