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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2019 Jan 30;23(6):2537–2550. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2019.2896034

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

The constrained mixture approach is illustrated for three main constituents of aortic wall, elastin, collagen and smooth muscle cells for modeling AAA growth. The G&R model is implemented in a 2D finite element method (FEM) and computationally generates an AAA from an initial healthy aorta to its growth by prescribing a elastin damage profile and by utilizing the stress-mediated G&R at every FEM elements [33].