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. 2019 Dec 3;9:18195. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54839-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Collection of draining vein blood (DB) from breast cancer patients. (A) Blood from breast tumor tissue into the axillary vein via the lateral thoracic vein (LTV). Photomicrograph during operation. (B) Sampling of DB from LTV in the breast cancer patient immediately after resection. Inset shows histology (HE) of a LTV 1–2 mm in diameter. Bar = 1 mm. Arrowheads indicate the LTV. (C) Variation of volumes of collected DB samples in this study (n = 36).