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. 2019 Dec 3;9:18183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54847-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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EC 434 + SE Ex2 (A) and EC 515 + SE 269 (B) dual-species biofilms formed for 24 h in 96-well plates at 37 °C treated with phages Daica and φ135 for 4, 8 and 24 h. (A) Solid bars correspond to EC 434 biofilms treated with Daica (grey) or untreated/control (white) while shaded bars correspond to the control SE Ex2 (white with black squares) and SE Ex2 treated with φ135 (grey with black squares). (B) Solid bars correspond to EC 515 biofilms treated with Daica (grey) or untreated/control (white) while shaded bars correspond to the control SE 269 (white with black squares) or SE 269 treated with φ135 (grey with black squares). Statistical analysis of the results was performed using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison statistical test. Asterisks (*) indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) between phage-treated and control samples.