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. 2019 Dec 3;9:18160. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54576-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Visualisation of established P. aeruginosa biofilms treated with different honeys. 3-D images produced by confocal laser scanning microscopy of established P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PA14 biofilms, following treatment with sub-inhibitory (1 and 2%) and inhibitory (16 and 32%) concentrations of NZ honeys (manuka, Medihoney, manuka-kanuka, or clover) or control sugar solution. Biofilms were stained with Syto9 (green = viable cells) and propidium iodine (red = dead cells). Scale bar represents 50 µm.