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. 2019 Dec 3;9:18160. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54576-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of MGO on biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa PAO1 (A) and PA14 (B) in the presence of MGO and MGO plus sugar solution. MGO concentrations correspond to those present in the manuka-type honeys: 100 mg/kg as in manuka-kanuka honey, 700 mg/kg as in Medihoney, and 900 mg/kg as in manuka honey. Biofilm formation is expressed as a percentage relative to the untreated control, which is set at 100%. Results presented are mean values from three biological replicates, all performed in triplicate ± SD.