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. 2019 Nov 26;10:2653. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02653

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Copyright © 2019 Quaranta, Sanguinetti and Masucci.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gut-Vagina cross-talking. Bacteria and immunity cells in vagina and gut are in close communication. Hormonal changes during menopause, menstruations lead to an overgrowth of anaerobic species such as Gardnerella vaginalis (GV). Bacterial vaginosis (BV), caused by GV, increases an immunity molecules release which exerts pro-inflammatory effects in situ and in the gut. Proteobacteria overgrowth leads to LPS iper-production establishing an inflammatory status. Oral probiotics alleviate BV in women. FMT might play a similar role in regulating both altered gut flora and vagina inflammation (74, 77).