Table 1.
Comparison of the matched characteristics between athletes with concordant abnormal ET and MPS results and the matched individuals with low-to-intermediate risk of CAD
| Athletes (n = 9) | Controls (n = 9) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years ± SD | 53.3 ± 11.3 | 52.7 ± 11.9 |
| Gender, M (%) | 9 (100) | 9 (100) |
| ESC SCORE RISK, mean (%) | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 2.2 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l ± SD | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.6 |
| Resting blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||
| Systolic, mean ± SD | 131.4 ± 19.6 | 123.4 ± 8.7 |
| Diastolic, mean ± SD | 66.8 ± 7.0 | 73.9 ± 11.0 |
| Maximal blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||
| Systolic, mean ± SD | 195.6 ± 21.9 | |
| Diastolic, mean ± SD | 77.8 ± 9.4 | |
| Rate-pressure product | 9551.3 ± 1738.6 | 8723.6 ± 1457.5 |
| Training hours/week | 8 ± 2.7 | n.a. |
| Type of Sport | ||
| HS/HD, n (%) | 8 (88.9) | n.a. |
| LS/HD, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | n.a. |
| Resting ECG | ||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 9 (100) | 9 (100) |
| LVH | 6 (66.7) | 2 (22.2) |
| icRBBB | 2 (22.2) | 4 (44.4) |
| TWI | 1 (11.1) | 1 (11.1) |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||
| LVEDD, mean ± SD (mm) | 48.7 ± 4.1 | n.a. |
| IVSd, mean ± SD (mm) | 9.8 ± 1.8 | n.a. |
| PWTd, mean ± SD (mm) | 9.4 ± 0.8 | n.a. |
| LV mass, mean ± SD (g) | 164.4 ± 29.1 | n.a. |
| LV mass index, mean ± SD (g.m-2) | 80.6 ± 14.7 | n.a. |
| MPS ischaemic defects, mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 0.7 | n.a. |
| Location ischaemic defects, N (%) | ||
| Anterior | 4 (44.4) | n.a. |
| Anteroseptal | 1 (11.1) | n.a. |
| Inferolateral | 1 (11.1) | n.a. |
| Lateral | 2 (22.2) | n.a. |
| Basal lateral | 1 (11.1) | n.a. |
| Location ischaemic defects on PET, N q(%) | n.a. | |
| Matched | 4 (45) | |
| Mismatched | 2 (22) | |
| No ischaemic defect | 3 (33) | |
| Primary diagnostic evaluation | ||
| CAG, normal | 8 (88.9) | n.a. |
| CCTA, normal | 1 (11.1) | n.a. |
ET exercise test, MPS myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, CAD coronary artery disease, SD standard deviation, ESC European Society of Cardiology, HS high-static, HD high-dynamic, LS low-static, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, icRBBB incomplete right bundle branch block, TWI T-wave inversion, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, IVSd interventricular septal wall thickness at diastole, PWTd posterior wall thickness at diastole, LV left ventricular, MPS myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, CCTA computed tomography coronary angiography, CAG coronary angiography, n.a. not applicable