Table 2.
Neuropsychological test performance in violent and nonviolent patients with psychotic disorders.
| Unadjusted M (SD) |
Adjusted M (SE)a |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeted cognitive function | Neuropsychological test | V (n = 183) | NV (n = 708) | V (n = 183) | NV (n = 708) | F (df1, df2) | p | ηp2 |
| Executive functions | ||||||||
| Inhibition | CPT-HQb | 0.01 (0.52) | 0.00 (0.55) | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.02) | 0.33 (1, 782) | ns | <.001 |
| Number of hits | 26.1 (3.0) | 26.4 (2.8) | ||||||
| Mean reaction time hitsc | 44.0 (8.3) | 42.8 (8.7) | ||||||
| Number of commission errors | 2.6 (10.8) | 3.0 (15.3) | ||||||
| Cognitive flexibility | RSTb | −0.05 (0.79) | 0.01 (0.75) | −0.06 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.03) | 1.27 (1, 758) | ns | .002 |
| Accuracy cost | 24.4 (25.5) | 22.2 (23.6) | ||||||
| Reaction time costc | 26.2 (18.9) | 25.3 (18.9) | ||||||
| Fluid intelligence | WAIS-III block design subtest | 38.2 (17.5) | 41.0 (16.9) | 37.8 (1.3) | 41.1 (0.7) | 5.12 (1, 847) | .024 | .006 |
| Planning | NAB mazes testd | 15.9 (6.5) | 17.0 (6.3) | 15.6 (0.6) | 17.1 (0.3) | 5.32 (1, 499) | .022 | .011 |
| Theory of mind | ||||||||
| Affective | DFAR | 69.1 (10.2) | 68.9 (10.7) | 69.0 (0.8) | 68.9 (0.4) | 0.01 (1, 761) | ns | <.001 |
| Cognitive | Hinting task | 17.0 (2.9) | 17.7 (2.7) | 17.0 (0.2) | 17.7 (0.1) | 9.38 (1, 839) | .002 | .011 |
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; V, violent; NV, nonviolent; df, degrees of freedom; CPT-HQ, Continuous Performance Test-HQ; ns, nonsignificant; RST, Response Shifting Task; WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition; NAB, Neuropsychological Assessment Battery; DFAR, Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task.
Due to missing data, the total number of patients varies per test.
a
Adjusted for age and sex.
b
Average of subscale z-scores.
c
In centiseconds.
d
Administered six years after baseline.