Table 2.

Relationship between criminal justice legislation to the compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers and the prevalence of advanced HIV disease among people living with HIV through injection drug use.

Variable (Number of studies)	Unadjusted model	Adjusted model
	ORa (95%CIb)	OR (95%CI)
PPP
≤ World PPP 2004 c (6)	Ref.	Ref.
> World PPP 2004 (36)	0•51 (0•46–0•55)	0•45 (0•41–0•48)
CCCd
Non-Criminalized CCC (8)	Ref.	Ref.
Criminalized CCC (34)	1•95 (1•85–2•05)	4•38 (4•10–4•67)
Time Lag
≤ 3 months (28)	Ref.	Ref.
> 3 months (14)	1•44 (1•39–1•50)	2•72 (2•57–2•87)

^a: OR: odds ratio.

^b: CI: confidence interval.

^c: PPP: gross domestic product per capita (current international $).

^d: CCC: compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers. The median year of study period for the included studies in this ecological linear model is 2004. The median time lag (months) for the included studies in this ecological linear model is 3. The regression model is weighed by sample sizes. The adjusted model incorporates PPP 2004 of the regions, time lag and legislation to CCC. The studies which do not report explicit time lag are excluded.