Table 1.
Demographic data.
| Aggressive SSD n = 59 (range) |
Healthy controls n = 88 (range) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Sex – males/females | 47/12 | 62/26 |
| Age (years) | 37.4 ± 11.0 (20–61) | 25.4 (18–45)⁎ |
| Education completed | ||
| - primary school | 28 (47.4) | 1 (1.1)⁎⁎ |
| - secondary school | 24 (40.7) | 26 (29.6) |
| - vocational or university training | 7 (11.9) | 61 (69.3)⁎⁎ |
| Attended Swedish school <age 16 | 46 (77) | |
| Information (WAIS-IV) | 9.0 ± 3.6 (3–15) | – |
| Matrix Reasoning (WAIS-IV) | 7.5 ± 3.5 (2–16) | – |
| History of Substance Abuse – none | 15 (25.4) | – |
| - cannabis | 8 (13.6) | |
| - opiates | 2 (3.4) | |
| - stimulants | 0 | |
| - alcohol | 8 (13.6) | |
| - polysubstance abuse | 26 (44.0) | |
| Diagnosis | – | |
| - Schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder | 47b (79.7) | |
| - Bipolar disorder | 4 (6.8) | |
| - Delusional disorder and other psychotic disorders (not drug induced) | 8 (13.5) | |
| Antipsychotics | – | |
| - typical | 28 (47.4) | |
| - atypical | 17 (28.8) | |
| - clozapine and depot injection | 6 (10.2) | |
| - combinations of typical and atypical | 8 (13.6) | |
| Antidepressants | 11 (18.6) | – |
| Mood stabilizers - lithium | 2 (3.4) | |
| - others | 8 (13.6) | |
| Duration of Illness (years) | 10.6 ± 8.1 (0.5–31) | – |
| Haloperidol equivalent dose (mg/day)a | 12 (0.5–70) | – |
| SANS | 24.5 ± 13.3 (4–60) | – |
| SAPSa | 3 (0–53) | – |
| Type of aggressive acts - threats | 9 (15.2) | – |
| - assaults | 28 (47.4) | |
| - assault with weapons | 19 (32.3) | |
| - manslaughter/murder | 3 (5.1) | |
| Number of assaults/threats | ||
| 1–2 | 13 (22.0) | – |
| 3–5 | 17 (28.8) | |
| 6–9 | 12 (20.4) | |
| >10 | 17 (28.8) |
a
Median, SD.
b
7 had comorbid autism spectrum disorder
⁎
t-test p < 0.0001.
⁎⁎
χ2p > 0.0001.