Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Author, year | Participants, n | Diagnosis, n | Male: Female | Age, years | Symptoms and investigations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perera et al., 201342 | Total 30 | CD 24 | 6: 24 | Mean (SD) 42.1 (12.75) | Evacuation difficulty Dyssynergic defecation demonstrated by anal manometry and balloon expulsion testing |
| Training 22/30 | |||||
| 23 referred for therapy; | UC 6 | ||||
| 22 attended | |||||
| Vasant et al., 201754 | Total 9 | CD 6 | 2: 7 | Median 53 (IQR 7) | Fecal incontinence Anal manometry findings: |
| 9/9 external anal sphincter weakness | |||||
| Training 9/9 | UC 3 | 6/9 internal sphincter weakness | |||
| 8/9 rectal hypersensitivity | |||||
| Oresland et al., 198851 | Total 40 | Pouch (UC 40) | 18: 20 | Training Mean 36(range,19–58) | Asymptomatic (prestoma reversal) Anal manometry performed pre‐ and postoperatively up to 12 months after ileostomy closure |
| Training 18/20 | |||||
| Two withdrawn with postoperative complications | Control Mean 38 (range,18–51) | ||||
| Control 20/20 | |||||
| Jorge et al., 199452 | Total 26 | Pouch (UC 26) | 16: 10 | Training Mean 33 (range, 17–56) | Asymptomatic (prestoma reversal) Anal manometry performed prior to the pouch procedure and again prior to ileostomy closure |
| Training 13/13 | Control Mean 38 (range, 24–69) | ||||
| Control 13/13 | |||||
| Hull et al., 199553 | Total 13 | Pouch (UC 4, CD 4, others 5) | 7: 6 | Not reported | Evacuation dysfunction Paradoxical puborectalis contraction demonstrated on EMG |
| Training 13/13 | |||||
| Quinn et al., 201739 | Total (with pelvic floor dysfunction) 83/111 | Pouch (UC 100, others 11) | 49: 62 | Median 44 (range, 15–75) | Evacuation difficulty Pelvic floor dyssynergia identified by one or more of the following: anal manometry, balloon expulsion testing, defecography, or anal EMG |
| Training 33/83 No details on other 50 | Diagnosis not reported separately for training group; CD excluded | Not reported separately for training group | Not reported separately for training group | ||
| Segal et al., 201855 | Total 26 | Pouch (UC 23, others 3) | 8: 18 | Median 49 (range, 36–74) | Fecal incontinence 26 Evacuation difficulty 8 (Other symptoms 2) |
| Training 26/26 | Assessment methods not reported |
CD, Crohn's disease; EMG, electromyography; IQR, interquartile range; UC, ulcerative colitis.