Figure 14.

The duration of song gaps was abnormally variable in FoxP kd birds. a, b, Spectrograms of two example songs each for FoxP4-sh bird 3584 (b) and its tutor 2074 (a). Black dotted lines connect the song element on and offsets of the two songs. The duration of gaps in the songs of the FoxP4 kd bird was abnormally variable. c, d, Histograms of the durations of all song elements (c) and song gaps (d) of tutors (blue) as well as Control-sh, FoxP1-sh, FoxP2-sh, and FoxP4-sh (red, left to right, top to bottom). Top, Triangles represent the means. JSD, Distance between tutor and pupil distribution. Bin size = 2 ms.