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. 2019 Dec 4;39(49):9864–9875. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1922-19.2019

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Effects of pioglitazone (Pio) on nicotine (Nico) withdrawal-induced physical signs and anxiety-like behavior in PPARγ(+/+) and PPARγ(−/−) mice. A, Nicotine induced significant expression of physical withdrawal symptoms (*p < 0.05) prevented by Pio in PPARγ(+/+) (#p < 0.05). B, Percentage time in open arms. Nicotine induced an anxiogenic effect in PPARγ(+/+) mice (*p < 0.05), prevented by Pio 15 and 30 mg/kg (#p < 0.05). PPARγ(−/−) mice exhibited a higher anxiety baseline compared with PPARγ(+/+) mice (¤¤p < 0.01). C, Total number of entries. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM values. Veh, Vehicle.