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. 2019 Dec 4;39(49):9725–9737. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1268-19.2019

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Figure 4. — Carotid body excision impairs hypoxia and CO₂-induced arousal. A, Sleep probability curves during air-to-air trials in CBx (N = 7) and CBx-Sham rats (N = 7). CBx-Sham: 14 ± 4 trials/rat; CBx:11 ± 2 trials/rat. Repeated-measures two-way ANOVA; interaction between CBx and time, F_(13,156) = 0.6, p = 0.88; time effect, F_(13,156) = 165.9, p < 0.0001; CBx effect F_(1,12) = 0.8, p = 0.39. B, C, Light gray represents air-to-air controls, without error bars. B, Sleep probability curves during CO₂ trials in CBx (N = 6) and CBx-Sham (N = 6) Sprague Dawley rats (CBx-Sham: 12 ± 1 trials/rat; CBx: 12 ± 3 trials/rat). Repeated-measures two-way ANOVA; interaction between CBx and time, F_(13,130) = 2.3, p = 0.008; time effect, F_(13,130) = 349.0, p < 0.0001; lesion effect, F_(1,10) = 4.4, p = 0.06. C, Sleep probability curves during hypoxia trials in CBx (N = 7) and CBx-Sham rats (N = 7). CBx-Sham: 15 ± 4 trials/rat; CBx: 16 ± 4 trials/rat. Repeated-measures two-way ANOVA; interaction between CBx and time, F_(13,156) = 8.6, p < 0.0001; time effect, F_(13,156) = 338.8, p < 0.0001; CBx effect, F_(1,12) = 12.6, p = 0.004. Repeated-measures two-way ANOVA comparing air-air versus air-hypoxia in CBx rats; interaction between gas challenge and time, F_(13,156) = 9.9, p < 0.0001; gas challenge effect, F_(1,12) = 12.3, p = 0.044; time effect, F_(13,156) = 196.6, p < 0.0001. D, Peak ΔV_E during trials testing arousal in CBx and CBx-Sham rats (CO₂, N = 6 per group, unpaired t₍₁₀₎ = 1.0, p = 0.34; hypoxia, N = 7 per group, unpaired t₍₁₂₎ = 5.9, p < 0.0001). E, Steady-state ventilation during normoxia and sustained (10–15 min) hypoxia in CBx (n = 7) and CBx-Sham (n = 6) rats. Absolute breathing frequency (f_R, CBx-Sham vs CBx for normoxia, unpaired t₍₁₁₎ = 0.7, p = 0.50; for hypoxia, unpaired t₍₁₁₎ = 1.0, p = 0.36), absolute tidal volume (V_T, CBx-Sham vs CBx for normoxia, unpaired t₍₁₁₎ = 1.3, p = 0.22; for hypoxia, unpaired t₍₁₁₎ = 1.3, p = 0.24), absolute minute-volume (V_E, CBx-Sham vs CBx for normoxia, unpaired t₍₁₁₎ = 0.7, p = 0.49; for hypoxia, unpaired t₍₁₁₎ = 2.2, p = 0.047). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001; CBx versus CBx-Sham: Bonferroni's multiple comparisons (A–C) or unpaired t test (D, E). ^#p < 0.05; ^##p < 0.01; ^###p < 0.001; air versus hypoxia trials in CBx rats (B, Bonferroni's multiple comparisons).