Fig. 10.

Proposed mechanism for mitochondria regulation Ca²⁺ signalling in endothelial cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential is depolarized by H₂O₂. The depolarized membrane potential limits the driving force for Ca²⁺ uptake by mitochondria. As result, the concentration of Ca²⁺ in microdomain area between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum is increased and the ion suppresses Ca²⁺ release through IP₃ receptor from the endoplasmic reticulum. Limited Ca²⁺ endothelial and artery function. On the other hand, reduced uptake of Ca²⁺ into mitochondria will lead to less production of ATP, therefore, reduced the metabolic production of H₂O₂. The negative feedback loop may help endothelial cells maintain normal metabolism and cell survival.