Table 2.

Trichothecene pathway genes. Demarcation of the Fusarium core trichothecene and TRI1-TRI16 clusters were reported by Brown et al. [68,69], and are reviewed in Alexander et al. [80].

Gene	Cluster	Gene Description	Activity
Biosynthesis
TRI1	Tri1-Tri16	Cytochrome p450 monooxygenase	C7 hydroxylation [81] C8 hydroxylation [69,81,82]
TRI3	Core Tri	Acetyltransferase	C15 acetylation [83,84]
TRI4	Core Tri	Cytochrome p450 monooxygenase	C2 hydroxylation [76] C3 hydroxylation [77,78] C11 hydroxylation [77,78] C12,13 epoxidation [77,78]
TRI5	Core Tri	Sesquiterpene cyclase	Cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE [19,74,85]
TRI7	Core Tri	Acetyltransferase	C4 acetylation [86,87]
TRI8	Core Tri	Esterase	C3 deacetylation [88,89] C15 deacetylation [89]
TRI11	Core Tri	Cytochrome p450 monooxygenase	C15 hydroxylation [90]
TRI13	Core Tri	Cytochrome p450 monooxygenase	C4 hydroxylation [86,91]
TRI16	Tri1-Tri16	Acetyltransferase	C8 acetylation [69]
TRI101	None	Acetyltransferase	C3 acetylation [70,92,93]
Transcription Factors
TRI6	Core Tri	Zinc-finger DNA binding protein	Regulation of TRI gene expression [94,95]
TRI10	Core Tri	Transcription factor	Regulation of TRI gene expression [96,97]
TRI15	None	Zinc-finger DNA binding protein	Negative regulation of trichothecene biosynthesis [71]
Toxin Efflux
TRI12*	Core Tri	MFS transporter	Toxin efflux [33,98,99]
Unknown
TRI9	Core Tri
TRI14	Core Tri		Role in pathogenesis and trichothecene production [100]

* TRI12 has been described as TRI102 [101].