Table 4.

Immunological and oxidative stress parameters in duodenal and jejunal mucosa and serum of pigs fed diets with mycotoxins (MT) and YCWE¹ (YC) in experiment 1.

Mycotoxins (MT)	-		+			p Value
YCWE (YC)	0%	0.2%	0%	0.2%	SEM	MT	YC	MT × YC
Immunological Parameters
Duodenal TNF-α2, pg/mg protein	8.79	6.96	8.69	8.91	0.81	0.261	0.331	0.217
Jejunal TNF-α, pg/mg protein	6.56	5.53	5.36	5.80	0.75	0.490	0.659	0.281
Serumal TNF-α, pg/mL	183	187	169	173	11	0.206	0.726	0.959
Duodenal IgG3, µg/mg protein	2.77	4.26	5.36	4.61	0.71	0.049	0.605	0.128
Jejunal IgG, µg/mg protein	1.75 a	2.95 b	2.96 b	2.40 ab	0.37	0.255	0.274	0.005
Serumal IgG, mg/mL	7.92	8.04	9.49	7.75	0.85	0.240	0.143	0.096
Oxidative Stress Parameters
Duodenal MDA4, nmol/mg protein	0.82	0.73	0.68	0.96	0.12	0.701	0.415	0.123
Jejunal MDA, nmol/mg protein	1.14	1.20	0.99	1.08	0.38	0.561	0.747	0.959
Serumal MDA, µM	15.94	14.74	15.80	15.22	5.39	0.915	0.575	0.845
Serumal 8-OHdG5, ng/mL	1.29	0.93	1.66	0.26	0.49	0.737	0.049	0.235

¹ YCWE: yeast cell wall extract; ² TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ³ IgG: immunoglobulin G; ⁴ MDA: malondialdehydes; ⁵ 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. MT-: diet without aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1; MT+: inclusion of 180 μg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 14 mg/kg fumonisin B1 by replacing the clean corn with naturally mycotoxin-contaminated corn; YC 0%: no addition of YCWE (Mycosorb A+, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA); YC 0.2%: YCWE added at 2 g/kg of feed. ^ab Means within a row lacking a common superscript differ (p < 0.05).