Table 11.

Immune response and oxidative stress markers of serum and jejunum in weanling pigs fed diets with mycotoxins (MT) or and YCWE¹ (YC) in experiment 2.

Mycotoxins (MT)	-		+			p Value
YCWE (YC)	0%	0.2%	0%	0.2%	SEM	MT	YC	MT × YC
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Serum at day 14, pg/mL	124 A	124 A	151 B	127 A	6.8	0.031	0.084	0.083
Serum at day 45, pg/mL	61	61	68	61	2.5	0.180	0.115	0.147
Jejunal mucosa, ng/mg protein	708	668	730	562	58	0.429	0.055	0.233
Immunoglobulin A
Serum at day 14, mg/mL	0.42	0.33	0.41	0.37	0.05	0.701	0.183	0.554
Serum at day 45, mg/mL	0.57	0.55	0.67	0.61	0.06	0.187	0.515	0.752
Jejunal mucosa, μg/mg protein	5.83	5.57	6.85	6.12	0.24	0.002	0.037	0.318
Immunoglobulin G
Serum at day 14, mg/mL	3.19	3.59	3.33	3.05	0.30	0.469	0.831	0.226
Serum at day 45, mg/mL	2.62 AB	2.83 AB	3.04 A	2.51 B	0.21	0.787	0.418	0.057
Jejunal mucosa, μg/mg protein	1.04	1.42	1.11	1.02	0.19	0.379	0.441	0.208
Protein carbonyl
Serum at day 14, nmol/mg protein	1.91	2.00	2.16	1.85	0.15	0.730	0.458	0.189
Serum at day 45, nmol/mg protein	1.76	2.01	2.02	1.87	0.12	0.605	0.668	0.108
Jejunal mucosa, nmol/mg protein	2.33	2.31	2.83 a	2.51 b	0.08	0.001	0.026	0.047
Malondialdehydes
Serum at day 14, μM	8.90	9.49	11.17	9.91	1.23	0.255	0.774	0.429
Serum at day 45, μM	8.89	9.57	10.25	9.83	1.43	0.542	0.922	0.682
Jejunal mucosa, nmol/g protein	511	542	488	579	78	0.925	0.401	0.679

¹ YCWE: yeast cell wall extract. MT-: diet without aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1; MT+: inclusion of 180 μg/kg aflatoxin B1, 1 mg/kg deoxynivalenol, and 9 mg/kg fumonisin B1 by replacing the clean corn and clean wheat with naturally mycotoxin-contaminated corn and wheat; YC 0%: no addition of YCWE (Mycosorb A+, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA); YC 0.2%: YCWE added at 2 g/kg of feed. ^ab Means within a row lacking a common superscript differ (p < 0.05). ^AB Means within a row lacking a common superscript tend to differ (0.05 ≤ p < 0.1).