OTA facilitates the degradation of phosphatases involved in PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1-2 pathways. (a) HK-2, (b) WT, and Atg5-/- MEF cells were treated with 10 µM OTA for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h or vehicle (VHC) (0.1% v/v Et-OH) for 24 h. (a) Additionally, HK-2 cells were treated with Epoxomicin (E) (250 nM) and VR23 (V) (5 µM) simultaneously with OTA for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. p-AKT, t-AKT, PHLPP, PTEN, p-ERK1-2, t-ERK1-2, VHR/DUSP3, and DUSP4 levels were detected with specific antibodies by Western blot analysis. β-ACTIN was used as loading control. Blots are representative of three independent experiments. The images were obtained from the same or parallel blots of identical samples.