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. 2019 Nov 6;11(11):647. doi: 10.3390/toxins11110647

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Clinical and experimental therapeutic strategies to target phosphate homeostasis in CKD. Dietary phosphate restriction and inhibition of the intestinal phosphate absorption by phosphate binders and NAM are common phosphate-lowering treatments in CKD patients. Experimental studies investigate the direct targeting of the intestinal phosphate absorption and renal reabsorption by NaPi-2b or NaPi-2a inhibitors. NaPi-2a/b, type IIa/b sodium-dependent phosphate transporter; NAM, nicotinamide.