Figure 3.

Potential treatments to target FGF23 levels and cardiovascular disease in CKD. Administration of the FGF23 Ab or DMP1 reduces FGF23 levels, but also leads to more severe VC and increased mortality. Thus, application of FGF23-reducing therapies is only conceivable together with a phosphate-lowering therapy or magnesium supplements that decrease phosphate-induced VC. The FGFR4 inhibitor specifically blocks the FGF23-mediated development of LVH. FGF23 Ab, fibroblast growth factor 23 antibody; DMP1, dentin matrix protein 1; FGFR4, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; Mg, magnesium; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.