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. 2019 Oct 31;17(11):622. doi: 10.3390/md17110622

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Ech A impact on Th cell polarization in vitro. (A,B) the percentages of IFN-γ ⁺ and IL-4⁺ cells among CD4⁺ Th cells were evaluated using flow cytometry to determine the induction ratio of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. No significant change was observed upon Ech A treatment. (C) Spontaneous generation of Foxp3⁺ Treg cells among CD4⁺ Th cells upon vehicle and Ech A treatment was assessed using flow cytometry. Ech A treatment led to an increase in Treg population compared to the vehicle-treated group. VC, vehicle-treated control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001. Results are shown as mean ± SD.