Table 1.
Official methods (n = 72) for the determination of mycotoxins in food (AOAC, CEN, ISO). ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC-FLD, high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection; IAC, immunoaffinity column; TLC, thin layer chromatography; HPLC-UV, high performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection; GC, gas chromatography.
| Mycotoxin(s) | Document | Scope | Technique |
|---|---|---|---|
| AFB1 | AOAC 990.32 | Corn, roasted peanuts | ELISA |
| AFB1 | AOAC 2000.16 | Infant formula | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| AFB1 | EN 15851:2010 | Cereals, cereal based foods 1 | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| AFB1 | AOAC 978.15 | Egg | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 990.34 | Corn, cotton seed, peanuts, peanut butter | ELISA |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 991.31 | Corn, raw peanuts, peanut butter | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 2005.08 | Corn, raw peanuts, peanut butter | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 994.08 | Corn, almonds, nuts, peanuts, pistachio nuts | HPLC-FLD |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 968.22 | Peanuts and peanut products | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 970.45 | Peanuts and peanut products | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 972.27 | Soybeans | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 971.23 | Cocoa beans | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 971.24 | Coconut, copra | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 972.26 | Corn | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 993.17 | Corn, peanuts | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 970.46 | Green coffee | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 974.16 | Pistachio nuts | TLC |
| AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 | AOAC 998.03 | Shelled peanuts | TLC |
| AFB1, Total AFLAs | AOAC 990.33 | Corn, peanut butter | HPLC-FLD |
| AFB1, Total AFLAs | ISO 16050:2003 | Cereals, nuts, oilseed products, dried fruits | HPLC-FLD |
| AFB1, Total AFLAs | AOAC 999.07 | Peanut butter, pistachio paste, fig paste, paprika | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| AFB1, Total AFLAs | EN 14123:2007 | Hazelnuts, peanuts, pistachios, figs, paprika | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| Total AFLAs | AOAC 991.45 | Peanut butter | ELISA |
| Total AFLAs | AOAC 993.16 | Corn | ELISA |
| Total AFLAs | AOAC 2013.05 | Olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| Total AFLAs | AOAC 975.36 | Corn, peanut, peanut butter, pistachio nuts | UV Lamp |
| Total AFLAs | AOAC 979.18 | Corn, raw and shelled peanuts | Visual fluorescence |
| AFM1 | ISO 14675:2003 | Milk products | ELISA |
| AFM1 | ISO 14501:2007 | Milk products | HPLC-FLD |
| AFM1 | AOAC 2000.08 | Liquid milk | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| AFM1 | ISO 14674:2005 | Milk products | TLC |
| AFM1 | AOAC 974.17 | Dairy products | TLC |
| AFM1 | AOAC 980.21 | Milk, cheese | TLC |
| AFM1 | AOAC 982.26 | Liver | TLC |
| AFM1, AFB1 | AOAC 982.24 | Liver | TLC |
| AFM1, AFB1 | AOAC 982.25 | Liver | TLC |
| AFM1, AFM2 2 | AOAC 986.16 | Liquid milk | HPLC-FLD |
| CIT 3 | EN 17203:2018 | Cereals, red yeast rice | LC-MS/MS |
| DON | AOAC 986.18 | Wheat | GC |
| DON | EN 15891:2010 | Cereals, cereal based foods 1 | HPLC-UV |
| DON | AOAC 986.17 | Wheat | TLC |
| FB1, FB2 | AOAC 2001.04 | Corn, corn flakes | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| FB1, FB2 | EN 16187:2015 | Maize based food 1 | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| FB1, FB2 | EN 14352:2004 | Maize based food | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| FB1, FB2, FB3 4 | AOAC 995.15 | Corn | HPLC-FLD |
| Total FBs | AOAC 2001.06 | Corn | ELISA |
| OTA | AOAC 991.44 | Barley, wheat, rye, corn | HPLC-FLD |
| OTA | ISO 15141:2018 | Cereals | HPLC-FLD |
| OTA | AOAC 2000.03 | Barley | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | AOAC 2000.09 | Roasted coffee | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | AOAC 2001.01 | Wines, beer | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | AOAC 2004.10 | Green coffee | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | EN 15835:2010 | Cereal based food | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | EN 15829:2010 | Dried fruits (currants, raisins, sultanas, figs) | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | EN 14133:2009 | Wine, beer | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | EN 14132:2009 | Barley, roasted coffee | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | ISO 15141:2018 | Cereals, cereal based products | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| OTA | AOAC 975.38 | Green coffee | TLC |
| OTA, OTB 5 | AOAC 973.37 | Barley | TLC |
| Patulin | ISO 8128-2:1993 | Apple juice and apple juice based products | HPLC-UV |
| Patulin | EN 15890:2010 | Fruit juice and fruit based purée 1 | HPLC-UV |
| Patulin | EN 14177:2003 | Clear and cloudy apple juice and puree | HPLC-UV |
| Patulin | AOAC 995.10 | Apple juice | HPLC-UV |
| Patulin | AOAC 2000.02 | Apple juice, apple puree | HPLC-UV |
| Patulin | ISO 8128-1:1993 | Apple juice and apple juice based products | TLC |
| Patulin | AOAC 974.18 | Apple juice | TLC |
| T-2, HT-2 | EN 16923:2017 | Cereals, cereal based foods 1 | LC-MS/MS |
| ZEN | AOAC 994.01 | Corn, wheat, feed | ELISA |
| ZEN | EN 15850:2010 | Cereals, cereal based foods 1 | HPLC-FLD (IAC) |
| ZEN | EN 16924:2017 | Edible vegetable oils | HPLC-FLD or |
| LC-MS/MS | |||
| ZEN | AOAC 976.22 | Corn | TLC |
| ZEN, α-ZEL 6 | AOAC 985.18 | Corn | HPLC-FLD |
1 Including foods intended for infants and young children; 2 aflatoxin M2; 3 citrinin; 4 fumonisin B3; 5 ochratoxin B; 6 α-zearalenol.