Table 2.

Anti-enzymatic properties of fucoxanthin and UDP against UGM.

Inhibitors	Turnover a (%)	Inhibition b (%)
Fucoxanthin	1.1 ± 0.2	98.2
UDP	0.5 ± 0.4	99.2
No inhibition	61.3 ± 0.7	Nd

PRISM software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA; version 8.0) was employed for performing statistical analyses. The data are displayed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD); each measurement was conducted in triplicate. ^a % Turnover was ascertained by integration of the peak of the substrate and the peak of the product. ^b % Inhibition was assessed from the % turnover of the decreased reaction (in the presence of inhibitors) compared to the reaction in the absence of inhibition (no inhibition). Nd: not determined; UDP: uridine-5’-diphosphate; UGM: UDP-galactopyranose mutase.