Fig. 3.

ASA treatment rescues the impaired immunomodulatory properties of iGMSCs. a In vitro co-culture system showed a significantly increased capacity of ASA-treated iGMSCs to induce Annexin V⁺/7AAD⁺ T cell apoptosis when compared with the iGMSC group. b Western blot analysis showed that ASA treatment elevated the expression of FasL in iGMSCs. c–e ASA-treated iGMSCs showed restored immunomodulation capacity compared with untreated iGMSCs, as assessed by c amelioration of losing body weight, d decreased disease activity index (DAI), and e alleviation of colitis histologic activity index (HAI). f FACS analysis showed that ASA-treated iGMSC infusion rescued the iGMSCs’ ability to reduce Th1 and Th17 cells and elevate Treg cells in colitis mice. g ELISA analysis showed that ASA-treated iGMSC infusion rescued the iGMSCs’ ability to downregulate the levels of TNF-α and IL-17 in colitis mice. n = 5 in each group. Scale bar = 200 μm. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.005. Error bars: mean ± SD