Table 2.

Characteristics of the 8 different models (see Fig. 1, Supplement Table S1).

Characteristic	No. of studies	Reference number (s)
Modelling framework
Deterministic compartmental model	7	[33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [39], [40]
Stochastic individual-based model	1	[38]
Population
Sex: No differentiation between the sexes (1-sex)	5	[33], [34], [36], [37], [39]
Males and females represented separately (2-sex)	3	[35], [38], [40]
Duration of sexual activity: Short	4	[33], [36], [37], [40]
Long	6	[34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
Age-structured	1	[38]
Heterogeneous sexual activity classes	3	[35], [38], [39]
Setting: Sub-Saharan Africa	2	[38], [39]
North America	4	[35], [36], [37], [40]
Unspecified	2	[33], [34]
HSV-2 prevalence: Low (15–25%)	6	[34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [40]
High (35–60%)	4	[33], [36], [38], [39]
Model calibration to specific setting: None	1	[34]
1 manual fit	4	[33], [35], [39], [40]
2 manual fits	1	[38]
Sensitivity analysis	2	[36], [37]
HSV-2 natural history
Initial infection explicitly modeled	4	[33], [35], [38], [39]
Recurrent heterogeneous infectivity stages (i.e., reactivation = symptomatic and/or asymptomatic shedding)	7a	[33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
Recurrence of symptoms reduces sexual activity	1	[35]
Symptoms/reactivation frequency declines with infection time	2	[35], [38]
HSV-2 treatment or HIV treatment	0	–
Vaccine characteristics
Therapeutic vaccine	2	[33], [37]
Prophylactic vaccine (with or without breakthrough effects)	7	[33], [34], [35], [36], [38], [39], [40]
Duration of vaccine effects: Lifelong	5	[33], [35], [38], [39], [40]
Finite		[34], [36], [37], [38]
Target population
Female-only	3	[35], [38], [40]
Gender neutral	7	[33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39]
HSV-2 negative	7b	[33], [34], [35], [36], [38], [39], [40]
HSV-2 positive	2	[33], [37]
Before sexual debut	6	[34], [35], [36], [38], [39], [40]
After sexual debut	6	[33], [34], [35], [37], [38], [39]
Vaccination strategies × target population
Routine vaccination (with and without catch-up):Before sexual debut - HSV-2 negative	6	[34], [35], [36], [38], [39], [40]
Sexually active - HSV-2 negative	1	[33]
Sexually active - HSV-2 positive	1	[37]
Mass vaccination: HSV-2 negative	1	[39]
HSV-2 positive	1	[33]
Health outcomes modeled
HSV-2 frequency: Incidence ratec	3	[35], [38], [39]
Riskd	3	[36], [37], [39]
Prevalence	6	[33], [34], [35], [38], [39], [40]
HIV-1 incidence	1	[38]
Health economic outcomes	0	–
Neonatal transmission	0	–

^aOnly Garnett modeled symptomatic and asymptomatic reactivation separately and a latent (i.e., no shedding) phase.

^bTarget population in Garnett and Lou also HSV-1 negative.

^cAfter 10 or 30 years.

^dCumulative incidence over ten years.