Table 2.
Volumes, mm3 | PM2.5 exposure periods |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Trimester |
2nd Trimester |
3rd Trimester |
Whole pregnancy |
|||||||||
β (95%CI) | pa | p FDRb | β (95%CI) | pa | p FDRb | β (95%CI) | pa | p FDRb | β (95%CI) | pa | p FDRb | |
Gray Matter | 2890 (−1508, 7287) | 0.196 | 0.464 | 1835 (−3272, 6942) | 0.479 | 0.583 | 1124 (−4700, 6948) | 0.704 | 0.800 | 2094 (−2562, 6750) | 0.376 | 0.526 |
White Matter | 215.7 (−3536, 3967) | 0.910 | 0.910 | −200.9 (−4543, 4141) | 0.859 | 0.891 | −2226 (−7162, 2710) | 0.375 | 0.526 | −582.6 (−4544, 3379) | 0.772 | 0.831 |
Corpus callosum | ||||||||||||
Total | −48.7 (−106.2, 8.7) | 0.096 | 0.361 | −35.6 (−102.4, 31.2) | 0.295 | 0.504 | −93.9 (−169.0, −18.8) | 0.015 | 0.210 | −57.2 (−117.7, 3.4) | 0.064 | 0.299 |
Anterior | −9.5 (−27.7, 8.8) | 0.306 | 0.504 | −9.1 (−30.2, 12.0) | 0.397 | 0.529 | −24.8 (−48.7, −0.95) | 0.042 | 0.294 | −13.6 (−32.9, 5.6) | 0.164 | 0.464 |
Body | −28.9 (−58.3, 0.36) | 0.053 | 0.297 | −22.3 (−56.4, 11.8) | 0.199 | 0.464 | −53.7 (−92.0, −15.5) | 0.006 | 0.168 | −33.8 (−64.7, −2.9) | 0.032 | 0.294 |
Posterior | −10.3 (−29.6, 9.0) | 0.295 | 0.504 | −4.2 (−26.6, 18.2) | 0.714 | 0.800 | −15.4 (−40.8, 10.1) | 0.235 | 0.494 | −9.7 (−30.1, 10.7) | 0.348 | 0.526 |
Lateral ventricles | 590.5 (−120.4, 1301) | 0.103 | 0.361 | 323.2 (−504.5, 1151) | 0.441 | 0.561 | 553.8 (−387.2, 1495) | 0.247 | 0.494 | 498.4 (−254.5, 1251) | 0.193 | 0.464 |
Difference (95% CI) in brain structures adjusted for age at MRI, sex, intracranial volume, maternal education, residential neighborhood socioeconomic status, birthweight and mother's smoking status during pregnancy.
Abbreviations:PM2.5, Particle Matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less.
Raw p values not adjusted for multiple comparisons.
False-discovery rate–corrected p values.